IRIS Educational Topics

IRIS was created to advance the scientific understanding of kidney diseases in small animals. A primary mission of IRIS is to help veterinary practitioners better diagnose, understand and treat kidney diseases in cats and dogs. To facilitate the achievement of its educational mission, the IRIS Board has provided the following discussions of important topics in veterinary nephrology.

These documents are reviewed annually and -if necessary- revised by the IRIS Board. When available new topics are added.

Fundamentals of Veterinary Nephrology

Risk Factors for CKD

Urine Collection

Urine Specific Gravity

GFR

Proteinuria

Renal Biomarkers

Creatinine (Dog)

GFR in Practice: assessment of
glomerular filtration rate in dogs

Diagnosis and Staging

IRIS Staging System

Early Diagnosis of CKD

Reassessment of "normal" values
in dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease

Differentiation between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease (2018)

Utility of Creatinine, UPC, and
SDMA in the Early Diagnosis
of CKD (2018)

Treatment

What pet owners should know about
CKD in dogs and cats

Treatment of Vomiting, Nausea
and Inappetence in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Diets for Cats with
Chronic Kidney Disease

Hypertension

Recent advances in Mineral and Bone Disorders in CKD (2018)

Hypercalcemia in chronic
kidney disease

Specific Diseases

Preventing aminoglycosides-induced AKI

Pyelonephritis

Key Pathways of CKD

Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cats and dogs: The emerging role of angiotensin II receptor blockers (2018)

A review of the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (2023)